Durante mucho tiempo la epistemología –rama de la filosofía que estudia lo referente al conocimiento y a la creencia justificada– había tenido un enfoque principalmente individualista, es decir, se centraba más que nada en las actitudes doxásticas de los individuos, abstrayéndolos de esta forma de su entorno social. No obstante, la situación epistémica humana no es meramente individual, pues está conformada en gran medida por las relaciones sociales. La epistemología social surge entonces como una rama de la epistemología, encargada de (...) investigar los efectos epistémicos de las interacciones sociales y las propiedades epistémicas de los individuos que surgen de sus relaciones con los demás. (shrink)

This paper examines the influence of internal barriers on the relationship between the organizational capability of stakeholder integration and proactive environmental strategies. We adopt a moderate hierarchical regression model to test the hypotheses using data from a sample of 73 managers in the business education industry. The paper contributes to stakeholder theory by showing that stakeholder integration positively influences the development of proactive environmental strategies when managers perceive internal barriers to the development of such strategies. This article also explores an (...) ethical dilemma—managers may use the stakeholder integration capability to support their own interests rather than to benefit stakeholders. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal a compreensão e análise da noção de “sociedade civil” abordada pelo filósofo francês Michel Foucault no curso Nascimento da biopolítica: Curso no Collége de France (1978-1979), onde Foucault se propõe à análise dos princípios teóricos do liberalismo. Dando ênfase especificamente às suas últimas aulas do curso Nascimento da biopolítica, que traz a análise da ideia de “Homo oeconomicus”, como “sujeito de interesse” distinto do “sujeito de direito”, e da noção de sociedade civil, correlativa (...) da tecnologia liberal de governo. Como ideias contrapostas no pensamento liberal clássico, a sociedade civil aparecerá em oposição ao Estado, como a natureza ao artifício, ou o espontâneo ao forçado. (shrink)

We use this editorial essay as a call for a more effective use of new technologies, such as mobile apps and Web 2.0 tools, to educate students and other relevant stakeholders on business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability topics. We identify three overarching reasons that justify the need for new ways of teaching that further incorporate technology to foster the innovative thinking needed to tackle imminent societal grand challenges such as climate change and increasing inequality. First, we are facing (...) a new generation of millennials and Generation Z students who are digital natives and more likely to search for educational content on their electronic devices. Second, new technologies offer opportunities to reach students globally, helping to democratize education. Third, we posit that the intrinsic characteristics of societal grand challenges, which are complex, uncertain, and evaluative, can benefit from technology as an effective translator of multilayered concepts into more digestible action items. Our essay ends with a brief summary of the four essays included in the thematic symposium: “There is an App for that! The Use of New Technologies and Apps in Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Education.”. (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar o trabalho e a formação em Psicologia para atuação no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) no município de Londrina-PR a partir do relato de experiência de formação continuada realizada com um grupo de profissionais que atuam na política. Para a realização das oficinas, utilizou-se a modalidade de grupo focal além de diferentes instrumentos de coleta de dados. A partir de falas e produções escritas ao longo de um grupo de formação, foi realizada análise (...) dos núcleos de significação apresentados pelos participantes. Os resultados demonstraram que existem saberes e práticas que são próprios aos psicólogos no trabalho social, porém a ausência de espaços formativos corrobora para insegurança desse profissional no cotidiano do trabalho. Como conclusão, há a necessidade de operacionalizar conceitos disseminados amplamente pelo saber psicológico para que possam dar subsídios ao trabalho da categoria no contexto da Política Nacional de Assistência Social. (shrink)

A pensadora política Chantal Mouffe desenvolve sua teoria afirmando o antagonismo e o conflito como categorias centrais e essenciais do político, enfatizando deste modo a importância do dissenso como elemento fundamental da democracia. Mouffe nos direciona em suas obras à reflexão do que seria um modelo agonístico de democracia radical, onde o pluralismo político, a cidadania e o dissenso estabelecem os elementos essenciais para a constituição dessa sociedade. Os pensamentos de Chantal Mouffe se apoiam em sua leitura de Carl Schmitt, (...) desenvolvendo a partir deste uma crítica ao individualismo liberal e a uma perspectiva racionalista do político, para então enfatizar o caráter "agonístico" da disputa política e enunciar as razões pelas quais o consenso não pode ser o fim último de uma política democrática. (shrink)

This study shows how institutional work contributes to institutional resilience in extreme operating environments. The authors draw from a longitudinal analysis of the operations of Desjardins International Development, a French Canadian nongovernmental organization that, both before and after the major earthquake of 2010, supported the implementation of cooperative banking in Haiti. Building on a unique access to DID’s internal documents as well as on 49 interviews with DID employees, the authors highlight the ways in which political, technical, and cultural forms (...) of institutional work triggered the emergence of social capital, which in turn supported the rise of new forms of institutional work that enabled institutional resilience. The results show how organizational activities focused on shaping institutions may have unintended effects that enable institutional resilience in EOEs, and demonstrate how the accumulation of institutional work by an organization contributes to the enhancement of its social capital. (shrink)

Transdisciplinary research knits together knowledge from diverse epistemic communities in addressing social-environmental challenges, such as biodiversity loss, climate crises, food insecurity, and public health. This paper reflects on the roles of philosophy of science in transdisciplinary research while focusing on Indigenous and other subaltern forms of knowledge. We offer a critical assessment of demarcationist approaches in philosophy of science and outline a constructive alternative of transdisciplinary philosophy of science. While a demarcationist focus obscures the complex relations between epistemic communities, transdisciplinary (...) philosophy of science provides resources for meeting epistemic and political challenges of collaborative knowledge production. (shrink)

Although entrepreneurial intention has been widely studied using cognitive models, we still lack entrepreneurial vocation and, therefore, lack disruptive innovations. Entrepreneurship scholars have some understanding of the reasons underlying this weakness, although there is much room for improvement in our learning concerning how to promote entrepreneurship among university students, especially in the transformed context of digital technologies. This paper focuses on the early stages of start-up, and in particular seeks to evaluate what role social and psychological factors play in the (...) development of entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing on network theory, we consider the impact of social networks on entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, we analyze the influence of two types of social networks: face-to-face and online social networks, with the latter proving especially important in digital transformations. In addition, based on affective congruency theory, we relate affect with entrepreneurial intention. Particularly, we evaluate the influence of positive and negative dispositional affectivity on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, since affect and emotions can also be related with social relationships, we analyze whether dispositional affectivities influence entrepreneurial intention through the mediation effect of social networks. Using structural equation modeling, we confirm the impact of both online and face-to-face social networks, as well as positive dispositional affectivity on entrepreneurial intention for 589 higher education students in Spain. However, negative dispositional affectivity is not seen to influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, both face-to-face and online social networks are influenced by positive dispositional affectivity. Moreover, these two types of networks can even partially mediate the relationship between positive dispositional affectivity and entrepreneurial intention. Positive dispositional affectivity can thus influence entrepreneurial intention in two different ways: directly and indirectly through both face-to-face and online social networks. This study provides further insights and adds to the literature on affect, social networks, and entrepreneurial intention. From a broader perspective, we also contribute to the literature on disruptive innovations by explaining how the development of entrepreneurial intentions would have positive consequences for university students vis-à-vis achieving these disruptive innovations. (shrink)

Considerando as crianças como atores sociais (com voz e ação) competentes para a interpretação do contexto em que se inserem, apresenta-se no presente artigo uma reflexão sobre a sua importância, enquanto sujeitos e participantes na investigação partilhada. Através da participação das crianças como investigadoras em dois estudos de opinião, pretende-se discutir as respetivas possibilidades e limites, enquanto metodologia participativa na Educação Básica. A informação proveniente das crianças forneceu pistas de intervenção aplicadas à escola.

A pesquisa se baseou na análise bibliográfica acerca dos conceitos de didática intercultural e decolonialidade de Vera Candau (2023), Catherine Walsh (2005) e Walter Mignolo (2005). Ademais, trabalhou-se com autores que desenvolvem pesquisas a respeito da Escola Indígena Maurehi como Leandro Mendes Rocha (1998), Joel Orlando Bevilaqua Marin (2009) e Maria do Socorro Pimentel da Silva (2009), com intuito de contextualizar o surgimento e o processo de criação da didática escolar indígena em específico entre os Iny. A análise documental (...) é desenvolvida a partir do contato do documento atualizado do Projeto de Cultura e Educação Karajá/Iny (2024), cedido pela diretora da escola indígena para consulta. Conclui-se que a didática intercultural e decolonial é uma possibilidade epistêmica para a contribuição da equidade na educação. (shrink)

Certain plausible evidential requirements and coherence requirements on rationality seem to yield dilemmas of rationality (in a specific, objectionable sense) when put together with the possibility of misleading higher-order evidence. Epistemologists have often taken such dilemmas to be evidence that we’re working with some false principle. In what follows I show how one can jointly endorse an evidential requirement, a coherence requirement, and the possibility of misleading higher-order evidence without running afoul of dilemmas of rationality. The trick lies in observing (...) the difference between attitudes it is rational to hold (= propositional justification) and rationally holding those attitudes (= doxastic justification). (shrink)

According to many, to have epistemic justification to believe P is just for it to be epistemically permissible to believe P. Others think it is for believing P to be epistemically good. Yet others think it has to do with being epistemically blameless in believing P. All such views of justification encounter problems. Here, a new view of justification is proposed according to which justification is a kind of composite normative status. The result is a view of justification that offers (...) hope of solving some longstanding epistemological problems. (shrink)

The author explores with the leading scholars of today the way and extent to which many forms of oppression, such as racism, classism, capitalism, sexism, and linguicis, have affected the women, poor working-class people, queer people, students of color, female faculty and faculty of color. The leading scholars are: Richard Delgado, David Gillborn , Zeus Leonardo, Antonia Darder, Howard Winant, Christine Sleeter, Sonia Nieto, Carl Grant, Peter McLaren, Noam Chomsky, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Pedro Noguera, and Dave Stovall. Sometimes immensely (...) personal, the interviews unveil the how far America has come, and just how far we have to go, in the quest for equality for all its citizens. (shrink)

Sometimes it’s reasonable to reduce confidence in a proposition in response to gaining etiological information. Suppose, for example, a theist learns that her theism is ‘due to’ her religious upbringing. There is a clear range of cases where it would be reasonable for her to respond by slightly decreasing her confidence in God’s existence. So long as reasonability and justification are distinct, this reasonability claim would appear consistent with the thesis that this kind of etiological information cannot, all by itself, (...) affect one’s justification. In what follows, I argue that this is mistaken. For, even if reasonability and justification are distinct, the reasonability of decreasing confidence in response to etiological information must be explained in terms of a decrease in justification. The argument to follow threatens not only the stronger thesis that etiological information never defeats justification but the substantially weaker thesis, advocated by various authors, that justification is defeated by etiological information in only a limited range of circumstances. I go on to show how the arguments en route to this conclusion have much wider epistemological ramifications. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda los factores que permiten el desenvolvimiento natural de los detectives de la lengua británica: el padre Brown de Chesterton y James Bond, el agente 007, de Ian Fleming. Para hacer posible este estudio, recurro al análisis comparativo entre ambos personajes que componen el universo de las novelas policiales y de espionaje: caracterización del protagonista, personajes secundarios en su función complementaria o antagónica y el modo de solucionar un caso policial por parte del héroe.

This essay explores an overlooked dimension of Slavoj Žižek's thought: his perspective on, and engagement with, a concrete philosophy of Trans-History. Specifically, it examines the philosophy of Trans-History presented in Surplus Enjoyment. While I do not claim that Žižek constructs a new philosophy of Trans-History in this book, I demonstrate that he directly and consistently engages with this philosophical domain and adopts several premises from Hegelian, Marxist, and Christian philosophies of Trans-History. Building on this analysis, I elucidate Žižek's stance on (...) historicism, his advocacy for the use of theological concepts to understand and safeguard contemporary history, and his interpretation of Todd Phillips’ Joker (2019) as a figure that should not be considered a sociopolitical paradigm for achieving the telos of contemporary history—namely, the unification and cooperation of global societies to avert a looming ecological catastrophe. Additionally, I challenge Žižek's praise of Joker for its portrayal of a profound and ambiguous character symbolizing "self-destructive political nihilism." I argue that this depiction of the Joker lacks originality and merit within the context of the film, as it borrows heavily from the Joker's extensive history in comics, a legacy dating back to 1940 and shaped by numerous writers. (shrink)

This article intends to show that the defense of ‘‘understanding’’ as one of the major goals of science education can be grounded on an anti-reductionist perspective on testimony as a source of knowledge. To do so, we critically revisit the discussion between Harvey Siegel and Alvin Goldman about the goals of science education, especially where it involves arguments based on the epistemology of testimony. Subsequently, we come back to a discussion between Charbel N. El-Hani and Eduardo Mortimer, on the one (...) hand, and Michael Hoffmann, on the other, striving to strengthen the claim that rather than students’ belief change, understanding should have epistemic priority as a goal of science education. Based on these two lines of discussion, we conclude that the reliance on testimony as a source of knowledge is necessary to the development of a more large and comprehensive scientific understanding by science students. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar, a partir do livro V da obra Ethica Nicomachea, se a justiça poderia ser tomada como um meio que irá auxiliar os cidadãos a desenvolver plenamente as suas virtudes. Buscar-se-á fundamentar que é através da justiça que os bons cidadãos seriam formados, bem como o bom caráter seria cultivado. Analisar-se-á, também, ainda que minimamente, o que Aristóteles entende de fato por justiça, de que o justo seria dar a cada um o que lhe (...) é devido, o que merece, haja vista que essa afirmação traz consigo um peso muito grande, pois nos faz indagar sobre o que seria o devido de cada indivíduo, bem como quais seriam as bases relevantes do mérito. Isto é, se o justo é dar a cada um o que lhe é devido, cabe a nós nos perguntarmos de que forma e critério seria usado na distribuição. De certa forma, ao raciocinarmos sobre justiça e direitos, consequentemente temos de raciocinar sobre a finalidade, o objetivo, o telos das atividades que circundam a vida social na Pólis. Buscar-se-á discutir sobre os temas apresentados, porém não se tem por finalidade propor medidas para pôr um fim na discussão. (shrink)

The starting point for the considerations in the article is the statement of Keiko Yamanaka that the Japanese know nothing about resistance to the bacterium represented by another human being. In the article, however, we put forward the thesis that Japanese culture has developed a collective immune system resulting not from individual but from shared systemic immunology in connection with the performance of family, professional and social functions. The analysis of Japanese ‘cultural immunology’ includes an examination of the ways of (...) functioning of the body in contemporary Japanese culture. To this end, we first discuss the relationship between humans and nature in Japanese religious-ethical tradition. Next, we examine the Japanese relationship to the body as a special part of nature. Then we analyze the tension in the Japanese culture between individual and sociocultural bodies. In conclusion, we show what the sociocultural body is and how it functions in the system of ‘cultural immunology’ in contemporary Japan. (shrink)

En esta entrevista, el integrante de RIO, Cucho Galarza, narra cómo conformó este grupo musical en el Perú y la repercusión que tuvo en la conciencia de los ciudadanos. Esto se generaría porque las letras de sus canciones estaban caracterizadas por un mensaje social y político que se vivía en ese entonces. Por ese motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo es que el artista revele qué hizo asequible que la transmisión de su ideal fuera bien recibida por la sociedad, sin (...) que tenga que enfrentarse a la censura o al silencio político. Más allá de ese contenido, debe destacarse que la melodía de sus canciones también hizo posible que la recepción fuera grata. Para finalizar, en esta conversación, se conocerá toda esa trayectoria musical que permitió que la banda RIO lograse un valor en la sociedad peruana que hasta hoy en día se le recuerda y se le escucha. (shrink)

Many people assume that the extinction of humanity would be a bad thing. This article scrutinizes this apparent badness and demonstrates that on most plausible consequentialist frameworks, the extinction of humanity is not necessarily bad. The best accounts of the badness of the extinction of humanity focus on the loss of potential utility, but this loss can be offset if it is the result of sufficiently large gains by the present generation. Plausible means of calculating the goodness of outcomes accordingly (...) suggest hastening extinction even in some circumstances where the alternative is a long period of human existence at a high level. (shrink)

En el presente estudio analizaremos la expresión del conflicto en el lenguaje, donde la lucha palabra-letra impregna la teoría agónica del lenguaje y marca la trascendencia sobre la relación historia-intrahistoria. Asimismo, presentaremos la dimensión creadora del lenguaje, relevante desde el Unamuno contemplativo, y el papel desempeñado por el diálo go a la hora de expresar los dos poíos del conflicto, agónico y contem plativo.

Fifty years later it is still necessary to talk about some decisions of Second Vatican Ecumenical Council regarding the role of the layperson as the Church's mission participant and also its fundamental role concerning the dialogue between Church and the world, as discussed throughout the Council and singularly in the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes. It can be seen throughout history that the layman, somewhat, could see himself forgotten, taking part in the Church passively. This thought, however, is changing from (...) what was said at the Council as its several documents show: the layman as a transforming agent in the Church but, more essencially, out of it, it is recognized its important role as participants in the mission. So we talk about the Mission of the Church and the Council contributions to this new understanding of the laity, the role of the layperson in the Church, the importance of dialogue between the Church and the world and finally, the layman as the main agent in this dialogue. (shrink)

A influência da família no desenvolvimento da criança e do adolescente é um foco importante de pesquisa atualmente. Para estudar a relação entre a interação familiar e a auto-estima de adolescentes, 111 alunos (13 e 14 anos), de três escolas particulares de Porto União (SC) responderam a Escala de A..

The state of the debate surrounding issues on science and religion in Latin America is mostly unknown, both to regional and extra-regional scholars. This article presents and reviews in some detail the developments since 2000, when the first symposium on science and religion was held in Mexico, up to the present. I briefly introduce some features of Latin American academia and higher education institutions, as well as some trends in the public reception of these debates and atheist engagement with it (...) in Mexico and Argentina. The primary conclusion of this article is that, even though the discussion is new to Latin American academic circles, it is gaining traction and will certainly grow in the coming years. (shrink)

A retraction of a scientific paper is made, most often due to errors or lack of publishing ethics on the part of authors, or, on occasion, duplicate publication by a publisher in error. The retraction notice that accompanies the retraction is an extremely important document, because it is the only information that provides a background to the public regarding the reason why the manuscript was retracted. In most cases, if the retraction notice is truly transparent, it will contain a few (...) sentences that indicate the reason, and possibly also the authors’ responsible, among other facts. According to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), retraction notices should be free to view, i.e. open access. This opinion piece exposes how several publishers are selling access to retraction notices, including COPE members, despite, in some cases, being paying COPE members. The business and academic ethics of such an action is thus called into question.Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2015 Vol.6 (1):27-39. (shrink)

En este artículo, se busca esclarecer la resemantización del concepto de héroe, a partir de la incorporación de Pablo Escobar, que es explícita en la obra literaria de Gabriel García Márquez, Noticia de un secuestro (1996). Considerando esa premisa, es notorio que en el texto se presente una dualidad en la construcción de este personaje, ya sea por su configuración criminal, como también de su lado humanitario, puesto que este no solo recurría a las prácticas delictivas, tales como el homicidio, (...) el chantaje, la extorsión, etc., sino que también era evidente su apoyo deliberado a las comunas y su filiación a la religión católica. Para examinar esta dicotomía con detención, será necesaria la metodología de los Estudios Culturales, que en esta ocasión consistirá en la consolidación epistemológica interdisciplinaria de la Literatura y la sociología, cuyo propósito es interpretar y analizar algunos pasajes del libro en mención. (shrink)

The Cynic moral and sociopolitical imprint on Stoic philosophy has frequently been overlooked in recent academic studies. However, the Cynic influence is palpable throughout the history of Stoicism. In this article, I recognise seven Cynic-Stoic conceptual continuities concerning the idea of virtue, or aretē, and five continuities concerning the morally ideal society. This article is mainly descriptive, as it serves a modest but theoretically vital purpose: to explain the interrelation(s) among these 12 Cynic–Stoic continuities, which will elucidate the strong cohesion (...) of each (moral/political) philosophical system. Ergo, I show how these 12 continuities strongly and simultaneously imply a Cynic-Stoic continuity in terms of the conceptions or appraisals of culture-tradition, epistemology, sexuality, money, law, religion and cosmopolitanism. (shrink)

In this paper we propose a unified semantics for singular and plural superlative expressions that makes use of the ‘**’ (“double star”) distributivity operator (an operator whose role is to pluralize 2-place predicates). The analysis aims to solve two problems: (a) the distributivity problem (the fact that a superlative expression doesn’t distribute over the atomic parts of the plural individual it is predicated of); and (b) the cut-off problem (the fact that a plural superlative expression cannot simultaneously be predicated of (...) two distinct yet overlapping plural individuals). We argue that any solution to these problems that posits two distinct superlative morphemes, one corresponding to a superlative operator for singular individuals and one corresponding to a superlative operator for plural individuals, is challenged by the lack of cross-linguistic morphological evidence. We provide a unified analysis, and account for the differences between plural and singular superlative expressions by appealing to pragmatic principles. (shrink)

In Latin America, policies on inclusive education in the university are implemented in an irrelevant way, despite the foundations that seek a university that guarantees in all students the learning, skills and competences they need. To try to provide solutions, the Social Model of Inclusive Education (MSEI) is proposed, which allows identifying management in inclusive education, by calculating the effectiveness index, using the cause-effect structure among three variables: i) policies in inclusive education, ii) conditions presented by students and iii) attitudes (...) towards students. The variables are derived into indicator variables, developing items that allow the collection of information with all the members of a higher education institution; thus formalizing a mathematical model of structural equations. The MSEI was applied as a pilot plan in a higher education institution in Ecuador, showing that the management effectiveness index in inclusive education is 60.3%, related to a work of greater weight in indicator variables such as: support that provides the educational institution to the students, the socio-economic situation of the students and the differentiated assessment of learning. (shrink)

This essay intersects literature and epistemology in order to understand what it means to take “The left hand of darkness”, as proposed by the author Ursula K. Le Guin, as a thought experiment. As we look at Science Fiction as a literary genre and how it relates to the notion of thought experiment, we conclude that Science Fiction authors, through the imaginary displacement they perform as they create people, worlds, political organizations, and explore the relations between subjects within these imaginary (...) structures, also draw thought experiments that are able to deal with important aspects of the human experience. (shrink)

Based on the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Oxford, 2007.

Uma palavra universal, existente desde a primeira forma de conscientização do homem, amor. Palavra que poeticamente, se disser que é tão antiga quanto se faz nova. A grande questão abordada sobre o amor, é se sua essência como expressão do que é, nas relações humanas e na relação com a vida, ainda possui o seu conceito original ou se perdeu ao longo dos anos? O amor de Deus não muda e perpassa a história., mesmo que no período presente, a palavra (...) amor se perde num chamado modo de viver líquido. Assim, verificará que o amor não está em crise, o Amor de Deus não é o problema, mas como relacionar um amor sólido e permanente, numa sociedade líquida e inconstante? São esses os questionamentos que este artigo deseja enfrentar. (shrink)

This paper examines the Vitakkasanthana Sutta of the Majjhima Nikaya from a psychological perspective. This discourse deals with unwanted, intrusive cognitions that interfere with one’s meditative efforts. Five strategies for dealing with these are given, presented in an hierarchical order. The paper elucidates and comments on these, with special reference to the techniques used, in present day clinical psychology and psychiatry, to counter intrusions/obsessions.

Internal auditing has been adding value in organisations across all sectors for many years. This paper is based on research by the authors into this value in the UK, widened to include the contribution by internal auditing's professional development worldwide. This development is based mainly on international internal auditing standards, now receiving recognition by governments, regulators, external auditors and other authorities across the world. Not least by the worldwide requirements of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2003, and board responsibility for (...) the effectiveness of internal control. The paper discusses how the assurance, compliance and consultant roles of internal auditing are being recognised today at board level in many organisations as valuable contributors to good governance practices. (shrink)